So, What Is DID

Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID) is a trauma-related dissociative disorder that involves a disruption in a person’s sense of identity. People with DID have two or more distinct identity states, often called alters, and they experience ongoing memory gaps that are more severe than normal forgetfulness. These gaps can involve everyday events, important personal information, or traumatic experiences.

DID is listed under Dissociative Disorders in the DSM-5-TR. It used to be called Multiple Personality Disorder, but the name was changed to focus more on dissociation rather than the idea of completely separate personalities.

Most research connects DID to severe and long-term childhood trauma, especially abuse or neglect. Dissociation is believed to start as a coping mechanism that helps a child mentally escape overwhelming situations. Over time, this coping strategy can become more extreme and lead to fragmented identity states.

Although media often exaggerates DID, most identity changes are subtle and not dramatic. Even though the diagnosis has been debated, current research supports DID as a serious condition that is closely tied to trauma and can significantly affect a person’s daily functioning.